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I have a number of documents I keep up to date. I write the text in markdown and I output to either HTML or PDF. This post documents how you can run a command in Vim such as:Pandoc -o index.html -metadata date=' -s -template yourTemplate.html and get a HTML file generated with a given name, using a template for the output file, with the relevant meta data inserted. Pandoc-latex-template — a clean pandoc LaTeX template to convert your markdown files to PDF or LaTeX Writing a book with pandoc, make, and vim Jupyter Book — open source project for building beautiful, publication-quality books and documents from computational material. If you’re a LaTeX user, and have a number of packages installed (this section of the Pandoc documentation describes what’s required), you can output PDF’s with the following command: pandoc -r markdown -o. yourfilename.pdf. yourfilename.md Note the absence of the “-w” flag in this case. To generate a single PDF document out of two Markdown files you can use: pandoc -s -o doc.pdf part01.md part02.md. By default the page margins in the resulting PDF document are quite large. Pandoc User's Guide, By default, input is interpreted as pandoc markdown, and output is HTML. But we can change If you want to create a PDF, you'll need to.
You can use Pandoc to produce an HTML + javascript slide presentation that can be viewed via a web browser. There are four ways to do this, using S5, DZSlides, Slidy, or Slideous. You can also produce a PDF slide show using LaTeX beamer.
Here’s the markdown source for a simple slide show,
habits.txt
: To produce the slide show, simply type
for S5,
for Slidy,
for Slideous,
for DZSlides, or
for beamer.
With all HTML slide formats, the
--self-contained
option can be used to produce a single file that contains all of the data necessary to display the slide show, including linked scripts, stylesheets, images, and videos. By default, the slide level is the highest header level in the hierarchy that is followed immediately by content, and not another header, somewhere in the document. In the example above, level 1 headers are always followed by level 2 headers, which are followed by content, so 2 is the slide level. This default can be overridden using the
--slide-level
option. The document is carved up into slides according to the following rules:
- A horizontal rule always starts a new slide.
- A header at the slide level always starts a new slide.
- Headers below the slide level in the hierarchy create headers within a slide.
- Headers above the slide level in the hierarchy create “title slides,” which just contain the section title and help to break the slide show into sections.
- A title page is constructed automatically from the document’s title block, if present. (In the case of beamer, this can be disabled by commenting out some lines in the default template.)
These rules are designed to support many different styles of slide show. If you don’t care about structuring your slides into sections and subsections, you can just use level 1 headers for all each slide. (In that case, level 1 will be the slide level.) But you can also structure the slide show into sections, as in the example above.
For Slidy, Slideous and S5, the file produced by pandoc with the
-s/--standalone
option embeds a link to javascripts and CSS files, which are assumed to be available at the relative path s5/default
(for S5) or slideous
(for Slideous), or at the Slidy website at w3.org
(for Slidy). (These paths can be changed by setting the slidy-url
, slideous-url
or s5-url
variables; see --variable
, above.) For DZSlides, the (relatively short) javascript and css are included in the file by default. By default, these writers produces lists that display “all at once.” If you want your lists to display incrementally (one item at a time), use the
-i
option. If you want a particular list to depart from the default (that is, to display incrementally without the -i
option and all at once with the -i
option), put it in a block quote: In this way incremental and nonincremental lists can be mixed in a single document.
You can change the style of HTML slides by putting customized CSS files in
$DATADIR/s5/default
(for S5), $DATADIR/slidy
(for Slidy), or $DATADIR/slideous
(for Slideous), where $DATADIR
is the user data directory (see --data-dir
, above). The originals may be found in pandoc’s system data directory (generally $CABALDIR/pandoc-VERSION/s5/default
). Pandoc will look there for any files it does not find in the user data directory. For dzslides, the CSS is included in the HTML file itself, and may be modified there.
To style beamer slides, you can specify a beamer “theme” or “colortheme” using the
-V
option: Either you've already heard of
pandoc
or if you have searched online for markdown
to pdf
or similar, you are sure to come across pandoc
. This tutorial will help you use pandoc
to generate pdf
and epub
from a GitHub style markdown file. The main motivation for this blog post is to highlight what customizations I did to generate pdf
and epub
versions for self-publishing my ebooks. It wasn't easy to arrive at the set-up I ended up with, so I hope this will be useful for those looking to use pandoc
to generate pdf
and epub
formats. This guide is specifically aimed at technical books that has code snippets.Installation?
If you use a debian based distro like Ubuntu, the below steps are enough for the demos in this tutorial. If you get an error or warning, search that issue online and you'll likely find what else has to be installed.
I first downloaded
deb
file from pandoc: releases and installed it. Followed by packages needed for pdf
generation.For more details and guide for other OS, refer to pandoc: installation
Minimal example?
Once
pandoc
is working on your system, try generating a sample pdf
without any customization. See learnbyexample.github.io repo for all the input and output files referred in this tutorial.
Here
sample_1.md
is input markdown file and -f
is used to specify that the input format is GitHub style markdown. The -o
option specifies the output file type based on extension. The default output is probably good enough. But I wished to customize hyperlinks, inline code style, add page breaks between chapters, etc. This blog post will discuss these customizations one by one.pandoc
has its own flavor of markdown
with many useful extensions — see pandoc: pandocs-markdown for details. GitHub style markdown is recommended if you wish to use the same source (or with minor changes) in multiple places. It is advised to use
markdown
headers in order without skipping — for example, H1
for chapter heading and H2
for chapter sub-section, etc is fine. H1
for chapter heading and H3
for sub-section is not. Using the former can give automatic index navigation on ebook readers.On Evince reader, the index navigation for above sample looks like this:
Chapter breaks?
As observed from previous demo, by default there are no chapter breaks. Searching for a solution online, I got this piece of
tex
code:This can be added using
-H
option. From pandoc
manual,-H FILE, --include-in-header=FILE
Include contents of FILE, verbatim, at the end of the header. Thiscan be used, for example, to include special CSS or JavaScript inHTML documents. This option can be used repeatedly to include multiplefiles in the header. They will be included in the order specified.Implies --standalone. Microsoft edge better than chrome.
The
pandoc
invocation now looks like:You can add further customization to headings, for example use
sectionfont{underlineclearpage}
to underline chapter names or sectionfont{LARGEclearpage}
to allow chapter names to get even bigger. Here's some more links to read about various customizations:Changing settings via -V option?
-V KEY[=VAL], --variable=KEY[:VAL]
Set the template variable KEY to the value VAL when rendering thedocument in standalone mode. This is generally only useful when the--template option is used to specify a custom template, since pandocautomatically sets the variables used in the default templates. Ifno VAL is specified, the key will be given the value true.
The
-V
option allows to change variable values to customize settings like page size, font, link color, etc. As more settings are changed, better to use a simple script to call pandoc
instead of typing the whole command on terminal.mainfont
is for normal textmonofont
is for code snippetsgeometry
for page size and marginslinkcolor
to set hyperlink color- to increase default font size, use
-V fontsize=12pt
- See stackoverflow: change font size if you need even bigger size options
Using
xelatex
as the pdf-engine
allows to use any font installed in the system. One reason I chose DejaVu
was because it supported Greek and other Unicode characters that were causing error with other fonts. See tex.stackexchange: Using XeLaTeX instead of pdfLaTeX for some more details.The
pandoc
invocation is now through a script:Do compare the pdf generated side by side with previous output before proceeding.
On my system,
DejaVu Serif
did not have italic variation installed, so I had to use sudo apt install ttf-dejavu-extra
to get it.Syntax highlighting?
One option to customize syntax highlighting for code snippets is to save one of the
pandoc
themes and editing it. See stackoverflow: What are the available syntax highlighters? for available themes and more details (as a good practice on stackoverflow, go through all answers and comments — the linked/related sections on sidebar are useful as well).Edit the above file to customize the theme. Use sites like colorhexa to help with color choices, hex values, etc. For this demo, the below settings are changed:
Inline code
Similar to changing background color for code snippets, I found a solution online to change background color for inline code snippets.
Add
--highlight-style pygments.theme
and --include-in-header inline_code.tex
to the script and generate the pdf
again.With
pandoc sample_2.md -f gfm -o sample_2.pdf
the output would be:With
./md2pdf_syn.sh sample_2.md sample_2_syn.pdf
the output is:For my Python re(gex)? book, by chance I found that using
ruby
instead of python
for REPL code snippets syntax highlighting was better. Snapshot from ./md2pdf_syn.sh sample_3.md sample_3.pdf
result is shown below. For python
directive, string output gets treated as a comment and color for boolean values isn't easy to distinguish from string values. The ruby
directive treats string value as expected and boolean values are easier to spot.Bullet styling?
This stackoverflow Q&A helped for bullet styling.
Comparing
pandoc sample_4.md -f gfm -o sample_4.pdf
vs ./md2pdf_syn_bullet.sh sample_4.md sample_4_bullet.pdf
gives:PDF properties?
This tex.stackexchange Q&A helped to change metadata. See also pspdfkit: What’s Hiding in Your PDF? and discussion on HN.
./md2pdf_syn_bullet_prop.sh sample_4.md sample_4_bullet_prop.pdf
gives:Adding table of contents?
There's a handy option
--toc
to automatically include table of contents at top of the generated pdf
. You can control number of levels using --toc-depth
option, the default is 3 levels. You can also change the default string Contents
to something else using -V toc-title
option../md2pdf_syn_bullet_prop_toc.sh sample_1.md sample_1_toc.pdf
gives:Adding cover image?
To add something prior to table of contents, cover image for example, you can use a
tex
file and include it verbatim. Create a tex
file (named as cover.tex
here) with content as shown below:![Pdf Pdf](/uploads/1/1/7/7/117705441/942216709.png)
Then, modify the previous script
md2pdf_syn_bullet_prop_toc.sh
by adding --include-before-body cover.tex
and tada — you get the cover image before table of contents. thispagestyle{empty}
helps to avoid page number on the cover page, see also tex.stackexchange: clear page.The
bash
script invocation is now ./md2pdf_syn_bullet_prop_toc_cover.sh sample_5.md sample_5.pdf
. You'll need at least one image in input markdown file, otherwise settings won't apply to the cover image and you may end up with weird output.
sample_5.md
used in the command above includes an image. And be careful to use escapes if the image path can contain tex
metacharacters.Html To Pdf Online Converter
Pandoc Markdown To Pdf
Stylish blockquote?
By default, blockquotes (lines starting with
>
in markdown) are just indented in the pdf
output. To make them standout, tex.stackexchange: change the background color and border of blockquote helped.Create
quote.tex
with the contents as shown below. You can change the colors to suit your own preferred style.The
bash
script invocation is now ./md2pdf_syn_bullet_prop_toc_cover_quote.sh sample_5.md sample_5_quote.pdf
. The difference between default and styled blockquote is shown below.Customizing epub?
For a long time, I thought
epub
didn't make sense for programming books. Turned out, I wasn't using the right ebook readers. FBReader is good for novels but not ebooks with code snippets. When I used atril and calibre ebook-viewer, the results were good.Pandoc Html To Pdf Page Break
I didn't know how to use
css
before trying to generate the epub
version. Somehow, I managed to take the default epub.css provided by pandoc
and customize it as close as possible to the pdf
version. The modified epub.css
is available from the learnbyexample.github.io repo. The bash
script to generate the epub
is shown below and invoked as ./md2epub.sh sample_5.md sample_5.epub
. Note that pygments.theme
is same as the pdf
customization discussed before.Resource links?
More options and workflows for generating ebooks:
- pandoc-latex-template — a clean pandoc LaTeX template to convert your markdown files to PDF or LaTeX
- Jupyter Book — open source project for building beautiful, publication-quality books and documents from computational material
- See also fastdoc — the output of fastdoc is an asciidoc file for each input notebook. You can then use asciidoctor to convert that to HTML, DocBook, epub, mobi, and so forth
- Asciidoctor
- Sphinx
Convert Htm To Pdf Free
Miscellaneous
Pandoc Html Table To Pdf
- picular: search engine for colors and colorhexa